Editorial: Alterations in brain structure and cognitive function caused by cerebrovascular diseases, volume II

read as associations rather than intervention evidence. Its contribution is more specific: it places post-stroke cognition within the patient's daily activity range and emotional state, rather than treating cognition as a direct consequence of the infarct alone.Liao et al. focused on serum uric acid to serum creatinine ratio (SUA/SCr) in acute ischemic stroke and early-onset post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Lower SUA/SCr was independently associated with PSCI assessed within 2 weeks after stroke. The result supports further testing of routine metabolic indices as early cognitive risk markers, but its predictive strength and clinical thresholds require validation before clinical use.Luo et al. extended this biomarker-oriented discussion to cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). In a cross-sectional cohort, blood urea nitrogen to albumin ratio (BAR) was independently associated with CSVD and with ischemic imaging markers, including white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), but not lacunes. This finding connects an accessible laboratory index with MRI-defined structural injury. The absence of an association with lacunes narrows the interpretation of BAR, suggesting that its relationship with CSVD may differ across imaging features. BAR is best presented as a laboratory marker associated with selected CSVD imaging findings, with its clinical use still requiring prospective validation.Yang et al. investigated surgically treated patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) stratified by type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). In 688 patients, DM was associated with higher rates of postoperative major adverse cerebrovascular events, including ischemic and hemorrhagic events, as well as 30-day mortality after adjustment for confounders. Li et al. focused on basal ganglia hemorrhage and perioperative hemoglobin (HB) indices. Lower preoperative, postoperative, and mean HB levels were independently associated with unfavorable 6-month functional outcomes, and an HB-integrated model showed stronger predictive performance than single HB indicators. Read together, these studies support perioperative assessment that considers vascular comorbidity, dynamic laboratory measures, and functional endpoints, rather than hematoma location or volume alone (Li et al., 2025;Yang et al., 2025). The collection points to a limitation of lesion-centered assessment: vascular anatomy and lesion burden alone do not fully account for cognitive and functional heterogeneity after cerebrovascular disease. The next step is not simply to validate single markers, but to evaluate cognitive testing, MRI or perfusion markers, laboratory indices, clinical phenotypes, and functional endpoints in shared prospective datasets. This would make it easier to separate markers useful for surveillance from factors that can be targeted through rehabilitation planning, perioperative management, or long-term cognitive care.Butnariu, I., Cojocaru, F.-M., Lăptoiu, V.-I., Bidea, A., Mitrică, I.-A. M., Tuță, S., et al. (2026).Hemilingual edema as a warning sign for internal carotid artery dissection-a case report and literature review. Front. Med. 13, 1765232. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1765232 Huang, H., Wang, C., Hua, H., Zhang, Y., Zhao, B., andWan, D. (2025). Case report: dyke-davidoff-masson syndrome resulting from a rare combination of hypoplastic left posterior cerebral artery and ipsilateral fetal-type posterior communicating artery. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 19, 1629156. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2025.1629156 Lai, W., andHu, J. (2026). Acute-phase clinical phenotyping stratifies long-term cognitive and functional outcomes in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Front. Neurol. 17, 1754770. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2026.1754770 Li, X., Zhang, L., Yang, Z., Ding, J., Yu, Y., Yang, S., et al. (2025) Yang, J., Wang, S., Ji, X., Sun, Y., Feng, J., Liu, B., et al. (2025). Risk of postoperative major adverse cerebrovascular events in patients with spontaneous intrac…