Designing self-sufficient ecovillages for isolated Indigenous communities: a case study in the Indigenous territory of Pimentel Barbosa, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Abstract This case study examines the design of a self-sufficient ecovillage for the Xavante Indigenous people in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Ecovillages are sustainable, self-sufficient settlements that promote social, ecological, economic and cultural well-being. To our knowledge, only a few studies have considered ecovillage design in isolated areas. The Xavante are traditionally nomadic, but today they face food scarcity because they are confined to isolated territories. The project is predicated on addressing the pressing challenge of food insecurity among the Xavante by co-developing an ecovillage model tailored to their needs, priorities, and environmental conditions. The study proposes an ecovillage that integrates Indigenous knowledge with agroforestry, animal husbandry, and agri-photovoltaic energy systems, based on extensive discussions, reflections, and interviews with Xavante community members. The model supports 200 residents and aims to significantly reduce current nutritional deficits. To this end, it provides sufficient meat, eggs, vegetables, and renewable energy. The concept is underpinned by agroecological principles, thereby facilitating efficient resource utilisation and reinforcing local food production. The system would generate approximately 100 m³ of manure per year for the purpose of soil fertilisation, thus enhancing crop yields in remote areas. A financial assessment estimated an implementation cost of USD 103,000. Notwithstanding the logistical and organisational challenges encountered, the findings demonstrate that ecovillages can offer a practical, scalable pathway to enhance resilience, food security and well-being in isolated Indigenous communities worldwide.