Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Literature Synthesis and Visualization of Cholecystokinin in Domestic Animals: An Innovative Approach to Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology Education

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a multifunctional gastrointestinal hormone and neuropeptide involved in digestive regulation, pancreatic and biliary secretion, gastric motility, satiety, and central nervous system functions. However, information on CCK biology in domestic animals is dispersed across multiple disciplines, creating challenges for veterinary education. This study explored an AI-assisted comparative literature synthesis and visualization approach to organize and integrate complex CCK-related information. A structured workflow using Gemini Pro, LeapSpace, and ChatGPT covered nine domains, including CCK synthesis and release, digestive feedback, CCK1R/CCK2R signaling, central neurobiology, intracellular Canonical –PLC– Pathway, veterinary pathophysiology, recent advances, and research gaps. AI-generated information was cross-checked with scientific literature before incorporation into educational schematic diagrams. The resulting framework integrated molecular, physiological, anatomical, behavioral, and clinical aspects of CCK biology. Species-specific findings included differential CCK receptor distribution in chickens, CCK1R-mediated gallbladder contraction in dogs, and the association of hyperadrenocorticism with canine gallbladder mucoceles. Translational evidence also demonstrated sustained reductions in food intake and body weight following long-acting CCK1R agonist treatment in Göttingen minipigs. The study demonstrates that AI-assisted literature synthesis can enhance organization and visualization of complex veterinary physiology, but expert validation against primary literature remains essential. Future studies should evaluate AI for accuracy, citation quality, hallucination, veterinary coverage, and educational effectiveness. Keywords: artificial intelligence, CCK1R and CCK2R, cholecystokinin, domestic animals, gallbladder mucocele, schematic visualization, veterinary education