A Structured Literature Review and Interview study of human-centred Challenges in Artificial Intelligence Implementation

Artificial intelligence offers substantial performance and innovation potential, yet many initiatives struggle because human centred challenges create organisational resistance. This paper investigates two research questions that link problem diagnosis and solution design in the context of AI implementation and change management, drawing on qualitative interviews with fourteen participants and a systematic literature review of fifty-six studies. The first research question addresses the problem statement by identifying and structuring key clusters of human-centred challenges associated with AI initiatives in organisations. The results outline four overarching challenges and related clusters. Exemplary challenges include the central role of leadership in guiding AI related change processes and the impact of demographic differences on perceptions, skills and acceptance of AI technologies. The second research question forms the solution statement. Building on the identified overarching challenges, the study examines which organisational requirements must be fulfilled to adequately address them. In addition, it develops a set of actionable measures and specifies how these measures need to be designed and applied to respond effectively to the challenges outlined in the problem statement and to reduce organisational resistance. The paper concludes with future research, recommending that subsequent studies elaborate and validate the identified requirements from the solution statement in greater detail to further support sustainable AI implementation.